Ngenxa yokuba izinto ezinobungozi ezinje ngothuthu, initrogen, kunye nesulfure kwi-biomass ziphantsi xa kuthelekiswa namandla eeminerali, zineempawu zokugcina ezinkulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwekhabhoni, ukutsha okulula, kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo kakhulu. Ke ngoko, i-biomass yi-fuel efanelekileyo kakhulu yamandla kwaye ifanelekile kakhulu ekuguquleni nasekusebenziseni ukutsha. Uthuthu oluseleyo emva kokutsha kwe-biomass lutyebile kwizondlo ezifunekayo kwizityalo ezifana ne-phosphorus, i-calcium, i-potassium, kunye ne-magnesium, ngoko ke lunokusetyenziswa njengesichumiso sokubuyela emasimini. Ngenxa yokugcinwa kwezixhobo ezininzi kunye neenzuzo ezikhethekileyo ezivuselelekayo zamandla e-biomass, okwangoku ithathwa njengokhetho olubalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwamandla amatsha kazwelonke ngamazwe kwihlabathi liphela. IKhomishini yoPhuhliso lweSizwe kunye noHlaziyo yaseTshayina ichaze ngokucacileyo "kwiSicwangciso sokuSebenza sokusetyenziswa okuBanzi kweStraw yeZityalo ngexesha leSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu ye-12" ukuba izinga lokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwe-straw liya kufikelela kwi-75% ngo-2013, kwaye lizame ukudlula i-80% ngo-2015.
Indlela yokuguqula amandla e-biomass abe ngamandla asemgangathweni, acocekileyo, nalula kuye kwaba yingxaki engxamisekileyo ekufuneka isonjululwe. Itekhnoloji yokuqinisa i-biomass yenye yeendlela ezisebenzayo zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshisa amandla e-biomass kunye nokwenza kube lula ukuthuthwa. Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezine eziqhelekileyo zezixhobo zokwenza i-dense kwimarike yasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe: umatshini we-spiral extrusion particle, umatshini we-piston stamping particle, umatshini we-flat mold particle, kunye nomatshini we-ring mold particle. Phakathi kwazo, umatshini we-ring mold pellet usetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yeempawu zawo ezifana nokungabikho kwesidingo sokufudumeza ngexesha lokusebenza, iimfuno ezibanzi zomxholo wokufuma kwezinto eziluhlaza (10% ukuya kwi-30%), imveliso enkulu yomatshini omnye, uxinano oluphezulu, kunye nesiphumo esihle sokwenza. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ntlobo zoomatshini be-pellet ngokubanzi zineengxaki ezifana nokuguguleka okulula kwe-mold, ubomi obufutshane benkonzo, iindleko eziphezulu zokugcinwa, kunye nokutshintshwa okungahambi kakuhle. Ukuphendula kwiintsilelo ezingasentla zomatshini we-ring mold pellet, umbhali wenze uyilo olutsha lokuphucula kwisakhiwo se-forming mold, kwaye wayila i-set type forming mold enobomi obude benkonzo, iindleko zokugcinwa eziphantsi, kunye nokugcinwa okulula. Okwangoku, eli nqaku lenze uhlalutyo loomatshini lwe-mold yokwenza ngexesha lokusebenza kwayo.
1. Uyilo loPhuculo lweSakhiwo seMold sokuyila iRing Mold Granulator
1.1 Intshayelelo kwiNkqubo yokuQamba i-Extrusion:Umatshini we-ring die pellet unokwahlulwahlulwa ube ziintlobo ezimbini: uthe nkqo nothe tye, kuxhomekeke kwindawo ye-ring die; Ngokwendlela yokunyakaza, unokwahlulwahlulwa ube ziintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zokunyakaza: i-roller yokucinezela esebenzayo ene-mold yeringi esisigxina kunye ne-roller yokucinezela esebenzayo ene-mold yeringi eqhutywayo. Olu yilo luphuculweyo lujolise kakhulu kumatshini we-ring mold particle one-roller yoxinzelelo esebenzayo kunye ne-mold yeringi esisigxina njengemo yokunyakaza. Ngokuyintloko inamacandelo amabini: indlela yokudlulisa kunye ne-mold ye-ring mold particle. I-ring mold kunye ne-pressure roller ziinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili zomatshini we-ring mold pellet, enemingxuma emininzi yokwenza i-mold esasazeke kwi-ring mold, kwaye i-pressure roller ifakwe ngaphakathi kwi-ring mold. I-pressure roller iqhagamshelwe kwi-transmission spindle, kwaye i-ring mold ifakwe kwi-bracket esisigxina. Xa i-spindle ijikeleza, iqhuba i-pressure roller ukuba ijikeleze. Umgaqo wokusebenza: Okokuqala, indlela yokudlulisa ithutha izinto ze-biomass ezicoliweyo ziye kubungakanani obuthile be-particle (3-5mm) kwigumbi lokucinezela. Emva koko, i-motor iqhuba i-main shaft ukuze iqhube i-pressure roller ukuze ijikeleze, kwaye i-pressure roller ihamba ngesantya esingaguqukiyo ukuze isasaze ngokulinganayo izinto phakathi kwe-pressure roller kunye ne-ring mold, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-ring mold icinezele kwaye ingqubane nezinto, i-pressure roller kunye nezinto, kunye nezinto ezinazo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokucinezela i-friction, i-cellulose kunye ne-hemicellulose kwizinto ziyadibana. Kwangaxeshanye, ubushushu obuveliswa yi-pressure friction buthambisa i-lignin ibe yi-natural binder, nto leyo eyenza i-cellulose, i-hemicellulose, kunye nezinye izinto zibotshelelwe ngokuqinileyo. Ngokuzaliswa okuqhubekayo kwezinto ze-biomass, ubungakanani bezinto eziphantsi koxinzelelo kunye ne-friction kwimingxuma yokwenza i-mold buyaqhubeka nokwanda. Kwangaxeshanye, amandla okucinezela phakathi kwe-biomass ayaqhubeka nokwanda, kwaye ahlala exinene kwaye enziwa kumngxunya wokubumba. Xa uxinzelelo lwe-extrusion lungaphezulu kwamandla okuxinana, i-biomass ikhutshwa rhoqo kwimingxuma yokubumba ejikeleze i-ring mold, yenza i-biomass molding fuel enobunzima bokubumba obumalunga ne-1g/Cm3.
1.2 Ukuguguleka kweZimbombo zokubumba:Imveliso yomatshini omnye wepellet inkulu, inezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzekela kwaye iyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nezinto eziluhlaza. Ingasetyenziswa kakhulu ekucubunguleni izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-biomass, ifanelekile kwimveliso enkulu yamafutha e-biomass dense forming, kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno zophuhliso lwe-biomass dense forming fuel kwikamva. Ke ngoko, umatshini we-ring mold pellet usetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba kukho isanti encinci kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo ezingezizo ze-biomass kwizinto ze-biomass ezicutshungulwayo, kusenokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba kubangele ukuguguleka okukhulu kwi-ring mold yomatshini we-pellet. Ubomi benkonzo ye-ring mold bubalwa ngokusekelwe kumandla emveliso. Okwangoku, ubomi benkonzo ye-ring mold eTshayina yi-100-1000t kuphela.
Ukusilela kwe-ring mold kwenzeka ikakhulu kwezi zinto zine zilandelayo: ① Emva kokuba i-ring mold isebenza ixesha elithile, udonga lwangaphakathi lomngxuma we-mold oluyakhayo luyaguga kwaye umngxuma uyanda, nto leyo ebangela ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwe-fuel eyenziweyo; ② I-feeding slope ye-dee hole ye-ring mold iyaguga, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla kwenani lezinto ze-biomass ezicinezelweyo kumngxuma we-die, ukwehla koxinzelelo lwe-extrusion, kunye nokuvaleka lula komngxuma we-dee obumbayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwe-ring mold (Umfanekiso 2); ③ Emva kwezinto zangaphakathi zodonga kunye nokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza inani lokukhupha (Umfanekiso 3);
④ Emva kokuguguleka komngxuma wangaphakathi we-ring mold, ubukhulu bodonga phakathi kweziqwenga ze-mold ezikufutshane L buba buncinci, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla kwamandla olwakhiwo lwe-ring mold. Iimfantu zinokwenzeka kwicandelo eliyingozi kakhulu, kwaye njengoko iimfantu ziqhubeka zanda, kwenzeka into yokuqhekeka kwe-ring mold. Isizathu esiphambili sokuguguleka okulula kunye nobomi obufutshane benkonzo ye-ring mold sisakhiwo esingafanelekanga se-ring mold (i-ring mold idityaniswe ne-forming mold holes). Isakhiwo esidibeneyo sazo zombini sichaphazeleka ziziphumo ezinjalo: ngamanye amaxesha xa kuphela imingxuma embalwa yokwenza i-ring mold igugile kwaye ingasebenzi, i-ring mold yonke kufuneka itshintshwe, oku kungazisi nje kuphela ukuphazamiseka kumsebenzi wokutshintsha, kodwa kukwabangela inkcitho enkulu yezoqoqosho kwaye kwandisa iindleko zokulungisa.
1.3 Uyilo loPhuculo lweSakhiwo sokuYila iMoldUkuze kwandiswe ubomi benkonzo ye-ring mold yomatshini we-pellet, kuncitshiswe ukuguguleka, kwenziwe lula ukutshintshwa, kwaye kuncitshiswe iindleko zokugcina, kuyimfuneko ukwenza uyilo olutsha lokuphucula ulwakhiwo lwe-ring mold. I-inbyggd mold mold isetyenziswe kuyilo, kwaye ulwakhiwo lwegumbi lokucinezelwa oluphuculweyo luboniswe kuMfanekiso 4. Umfanekiso 5 ubonisa umbono onqamlezileyo we-ring mold ephuculweyo.
Olu yilo luphuculweyo lujoliswe kakhulu kumatshini we-ring mold particle onesimo sokushukuma se-roller yoxinzelelo esebenzayo kunye ne-fixed ring mold. I-ring mold esezantsi inamathele emzimbeni, kwaye ii-pressure rollers ezimbini ziqhagamshelwe kwi-main shaft ngepleyiti yokudibanisa. I-forming mold ifakwe kwi-ring mold esezantsi (kusetyenziswa i-interference fit), kwaye i-top ring mold inamathele kwi-ring mold esezantsi ngee-bolts kwaye ibotshelelwe kwi-forming mold. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuze kuthintelwe i-forming mold ukuba ingaphindi ibuyele ngenxa yamandla emva kokuba i-pressure roller iqengqeleka kwaye ihambe nge-radially ecaleni kwe-ring mold, izikrufu ezichasene ne-countersunk zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-forming mold kwi-ring molds ephezulu nesezantsi ngokulandelelanayo. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukumelana kwezinto ezingena emngxunyeni kwaye kwenze kube lula ngakumbi ukungena emngxunyeni we-mold. I-engile ekhonkrithi yomngxunya wokondla we-forming mold eyilelweyo yi-60 ° ukuya kwi-120 °.
Uyilo oluphuculweyo lwesakhiwo sesikhunta sokwakha luneempawu zobomi bemijikelo emininzi kunye nobomi benkonzo ende. Xa umatshini wesuntswana usebenza ixesha elithile, ukulahleka kokungqubana kubangela ukuba umngxuma wesikhunta sokwakha ube mkhulu kwaye ungashukumi. Xa isikhunta sokwakha esigugileyo sisusiwe kwaye sandiswa, singasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ezinye iinkcukacha zesikhunta sokwakha. Oku kunokufezekisa ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwesikhunta kwaye konge iindleko zokugcinwa kunye nokutshintshwa.
Ukuze kwandiswe ubomi benkonzo ye-granulator kwaye kuncitshiswe iindleko zemveliso, i-pressure roller isebenzisa intsimbi ye-manganese enekhabhoni ephezulu enokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle, njenge-65Mn. I-forming mold kufuneka yenziwe ngentsimbi ye-alloy carburised okanye i-low-carbon nickel chromium alloy, efana ne-Cr, Mn, Ti, njl. Ngenxa yokuphuculwa kwegumbi lokucinezela, amandla okuxinana afunyanwa zii-ring molds eziphezulu nezisezantsi ngexesha lokusebenza mancinci xa kuthelekiswa ne-forming mold. Ke ngoko, i-carbon steel eqhelekileyo, efana ne-45 steel, ingasetyenziswa njengezinto zegumbi lokucinezela. Xa kuthelekiswa nee-ring molds zendabuko ezidibeneyo, inokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ye-alloy ebizayo, ngaloo ndlela inciphise iindleko zemveliso.
2. Uhlalutyo loomatshini lwe-mold yokwenza umatshini we-ring mold pellet ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-mold yokwenza.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba, i-lignin kwizinto ezikwizinto ithamba ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu obuveliswa kwi-mold yokubumba. Xa uxinzelelo lwe-extrusion lungonyuki, izinto ezikwizinto eziplastiki. Izinto ezi ziphuma kakuhle emva kokwenziwa kweplastiki, ngoko ke ubude bunokubekwa ku-d. I-mold yokwenza ithathwa njengesitya soxinzelelo, kwaye uxinzelelo kwi-mold yokwenza lwenziwa lula.
Ngohlalutyo lokubala oluchazwe apha ngasentla, kungagqitywa kwelokuba ukuze kufunyanwe uxinzelelo nangaliphi na ixesha ngaphakathi kwesikhunta sokwakha, kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa uxinzelelo olujikelezayo kuloo ndawo ngaphakathi kwesikhunta sokwakha. Emva koko, amandla okungqubana kunye noxinzelelo kuloo ndawo zinokubalwa.
3. Isiphelo
Eli nqaku licebisa uyilo olutsha lokuphucula ulwakhiwo lwesikhunta sokwenza i-ring mold pelletizer. Ukusetyenziswa kwesikhunta sokwenza i-included kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuguguleka kwesikhunta, kwandise ubomi bomjikelo wesikhunta, kube lula ukutshintshwa nokugcinwa, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso. Kwangaxeshanye, uhlalutyo loomatshini lwenziwe kwisikhunta sokwenza ngexesha lenkqubo yokusebenza, nto leyo enika isiseko sethiyori sophando olongezelelweyo kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Februwari-22-2024